Understanding implies abilities and dispositions with respect to an object. Your understanding might be that your mother will always drive you to school if you miss the bus. Both comprehension and understanding can be used to talk about someone's ability to understand something.
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Knowledge about a subject, situation, etc. Comprehension usually used with of. Understanding is a relation between the knower and an object of understanding.
Understanding a concept means you get it.
He noted bond's apparent lack of. Or about how something works: The meaning of understanding is a mental grasp : How to use understanding in a sentence.